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Book., ...KG 
Copyright!?_ 


COPYRIGHT DEPOSm 












. 


\ 


LABORATORY LEAFLETS 

i 

FOR 

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 


BY 


LULA GAINES WINSTON, Ph. D. 

(Johns HopkinU University) 

(Professor of Chemistry at Meredith College, Raleigh, N. C.) 


EASTON PA. 

THE CHEMICAL PUBLISHING CO. 
1922 


London, England 
Williams and Norgate 
14 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W. C. 





Copyright, 1922, by Edward Hart 


OCT ^5 (922 

©GI.A683S7 1 


\ 


Cr, rr. u. 


REDACTIONS 


1. 

2 . 


(Complete and balance, underscoring precipitates.) 

GROUP I. 

Read Pb 11 


I. 

Pb(NO s ) 2 + 

HC1 — 

2 . 

PbCl 2 + 

H 2 0 (hot) — 

3- 

PbCl 2 + 

H 2 S — 

4 - 

PbCl 2 4 

H 2 S0 4 — 

5 - 

PbCl 2 + 

K 2 Cr 2 0 T + 

1 . 

AgNO s 4 

HC1 

2 . 

AgCl 4 

H 2 0 (hot) **— 

3- 

AgCl 4 

NH 4 OH — 


(NH 3 ) 3 (AgCl ) 2 + HN0 3 
AgCl exposed to light »*->• 


HgNOj + HC1 — 
HgCl + H 2 0 (hot) 
HgCl 4 NH 4 OH - 


Pb Cr0 4 + H 2 Cr0 4 4 ( 


Silver Ag 1 


Mercury Hg 1 


NH 2 HgCl 


NH 2 .HgCl 4 Hg 4 aqua regia 
write ( 4 ) in two steps thus— 

a) NH 2 .HgCl + Hg 4 

b) HN0 3 + H 2 NO 


- HgCl 2 + NH 4 C1 4 NO + H a O 

HC1 —> HgCl 2 + NH 4 C1 4 H 2 
H,0 


4 - 








GROUP II. 

SUB-GROUP A. 

Mercury Hg" 


I. 

HgCl 2 4 

h 2 s — 


2. 

HgS 4 

HNO s (dilute) —* 


3 - 

HgS 4 
(Write on 

aqua regia ■»— HgCl 2 4 NO 4 S 4 

same principle as 4 under Mercurous salts). 

H 2 0 

4 - 

HgCl 2 4 

SnCl 2 — 



Read Pb 11 

1. PbCl t -fH 1 S — 

2 . PbS 4 HNO g Pb (N0 3 ) 2 + NO + S+ H 2 0 
Complete the above by combining the two following equations (a and b) 


a) 

PbS 4 

hno 3 —* 

Pb (N0 3 ) 2 4 

h 2 s 

b) 

h 2 s 4 

hno 3 — 

NO 4 S 4 

h 2 o 


3 . Pb(NO s ) i! + H 2 S0 4 — 

4 . PbS0 4 + (NH 4 ) 2 (C 4 H 4 0 6 ) form probably a soluble, double salt 

5 . PbS0 4 4 * K 2 Cr 2 O t — PbCrQ 4 4 

Bismuth Bi in 


I. 

BiCl 3 4 

H 2 0 — 

2 . 

BiOCl 4 

h 2 s — 

3- 

BiA + 

hno 3 — 

4- 

Bi (N0 8 ) 3 

4 - H 2 S 0 4 

5- 

Bi 2 (S0 4 ) 3 

4 NH 4 OH « 

6.' 

Bi (OS), 

4 HC 1 — 

7- 

BiCl 3 4 

h 2 o — 



Copper Cu 11 


1. CuS0 4 + H 2 S 

2 . CuS + HN0 3 — 

3 . Cu(N0 3 ) 2 + H 2 S0 4 

4 . CuS0 4 4- nh 4 oh —* 

5 . CuS 0 4 . 4 NH 3 + HC1 — 

6 . CuS0 4 + Fe —> 

Cadmium Cd 11 

1 . Cd (N0 3 ) 2 + H 2 S — 

2 . CdS + HN0 3 — 

3 . Cd (NO s ) 2 4 - h 2 so 4 

4 . CdS0 4 + NH 4 OH — 

5 . Cd (OH ) 2 4- HC1 

. 6. CdCl 2 4- Fe — 

7 . CdCl 2 + H 2 S — 


SUB-GROUP B. 

Arsenic As 111 


I. 

as 2 0 3 + 

h 2 s — 



2. 

as 2 s 3 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 



3 - 

(NH 4 ) 3 AsS 3 

+ HC1 — 

NH 4 C1 -f 

As 2 S 5 + 

4 - 

As 2 S 3 -f- 

(Cone.) HC1 — 



5 - 

As 2 S 3 -f 

KC10 3 + HC1 

+ h 2 0 

— H 3 As0 4 + 


thus : 


a) KClOj + HC1 — 

b) HC10 S — HC1 + O 

c) As 2 S 3 + Of H 2 0 — H 3 As0 4 + S 
6 . H 8 As0 4 + MgS0 4 + NH 4 OH — 


Arsenic As v 

HC1 + H 2 0 — H 3 As0 4 -f CrCl 3 

NH 4 OH — 

Tin Sn 11 

Precipitate finally dissolves 

3 . (NH 4 ) 2 S + SnS 2 + HC1 — 

4 . SnS 2 + (Conc.)HCl —> 

5 . SnCl 4 + Fe — 

SnCl 2 + HgCl 2 — 


1 . H 3 As0 4 f- H 2 S »-*- 

2 . As 2 0 3 -f- K 2 Cr 2 0 7 -j- 

3 . H 3 As0 4 + MgS0 4 + 


1 . SnCl 2 -f- H 2 S »-*• 

2 . SnS + (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 


HC1 + S 


KC1 


6 . 



Tin Sn IV 


I. 

SnC1 4 + 

H 2 S — 


2. 

SnCl 4 + 

HgCl 2 — 





Antimony 

I. 

SbCl 3 + 

h 2 s — 


2. 

Sb 2 S 3 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 

(NH 4 ) 3 SbS 4 + 

3- 

Sb 2 S 3 4* 

(NH 4 ) 2 S + 

HC1 — 

4- 

Sb 2 S 3 + 

(Couc.)HCl 

► 

5- 

SbCl 3 + 

Fe — 


6 . 

SbCl 3 + 

Zn — 



GROUP III. 


Chromium Cr m 

1. K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + NH 4 OH 

2. Cr (OH) s + HC1 — 

3. CrClj -f BaCOg + H a O — Cr(OH)CQ 3 4 

4. Cr(OH)C0 3 4 NaOH — 


5 - 

Cr(OH)g + 

Na 2 C0 3 4 KClOg 

4 H 2 0 — K 2 Cr0 4 4 NaCl 4 


h 2 o + 

C0 2 4 0 


6 . 

K 2 Cr 2 0 7 + 

HC1 4 H 2 S — 

CrClg 4 KC1 4 S 4 H s O 



Aluminum Al m 

1 . 

K 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 

4 NH 4 OH —> 


2. 

A1(OH) s + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 


3- 

Al(OH), + 

HCl —* 


4- 

AlClg'4 

BaCOg 4 H 2 0 — 

Al(OH), 4 A1 (OH) COg 4 

5- 

Al(OH)g + 

Na(OH) 


6 . 

Na 3 A10g 4 

HCl —* 


7- 

AlClg 4 

NH 4 OH —* 




Iron 

Fe 11 and Fe 111 

1 . 

FeCl 3 4 

nh 4 oh — 


2. 

Fe(OH) s 4 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — FeS 4 


3- 

FeS 4 HC1 —* 


4- 

FeCl 2 4 

HNOg 4 HCl — 

FeClg 4 NO 4 H 2 0 

5 - 

FeClg 4 

KCNS — 


6 . 

FeClg 4 

K 4 (Fe(CN) 6 ) — 


7- 

FeCl a 4 

BaCO, 4 H 2 0 — 

Fe 2 0(CO s ) 2 4 






I. 

FeSo 4 + 

KCNS 

2 . 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 

KCXS — 

3* 

Fe(SOj + 

K 4 (Fe(CN) fi ) ~ 

4- 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 -f- 

K 4 (Fe(CN) 6 ) ~ 

5. 

FeSO, + 

K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) — 

6 . 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 

K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) — 

7- 

FeS0 4 + 

NaOH 

8 . 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) s -f 

NaOH ~ 

9- 

FeS0 4 + 

H 2 S0 4 + HNO s - 

10 . 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 

H 2 S 



COBALT 

1 , 

Co(NO s ) 2 + 

NH 4 C1 + nh 4 oh —> 

2 . 

Co(N0 3 ) 2 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 


3 . CoS + (dil.)HCl 

4 . CoS -f- aqua regia —- 

(see mercury) 

5 . CoCl 2 + NaOH — 

6 . Co(OH) 2 + H(;C 2 H 3 0 2 ) — 

7 . Co(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + kno . 2 + H(C 2 H s 0 2 ) + H 2 0 — C KN 0 2 ) 3 .Co(N 0 2 ) s . 2 H 2 0 + 

K(C 2 HA) + NO 


8 . 


Cobalt compounds in borax bead 


color 



Nickel Ni 11 


I. 

Ni(N0 3 ) 2 + . NH 4 C1 + 

nh 4 oh 


2. 

Ni(N0 3 ) 2 

+ (NH 4 ) 2 S - 



3- 

NiS + 

dil. HC1 —* 



4- 

NiS + 

aqua regia ■»-*- 

(see mercury) 



5- 

NiCl 2 + 

NaOH »—>- 



6. 

Ni(OH) 2 

+ H(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 

— 


7- 

Ni(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + KN0 2 ~ 



8. 

Ni(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + NaOH * 



9- 

Nickel compounds in borax bead *•— 

color 




Manganese 

Mu 11 

i. 

MnS0 4 

nh 4 ci + 

nh 4 oh — 


2. 

MnS0 4 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 



3- 

MnS + 

HC1 — 



4- 

MnCl 2 

BaC0 3 — 



5- 

MnCl 2 -f 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 



6. 

MnCl 2 + 

NaOH —* 



7- 

Mn(OH ) 2 

■f" Na 2 C0 3 -f- 

kno 3 — 

K 2 Mu0 4 




Zinc Zn 

II 

i. 

ZnS0 4 + 

(NH 4 C1) + 

NH 4 OH —* 


2. 

ZnS0 4 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 



*■> 

ZnS + 

HC1 — 



4- 

ZnCl 2 + 

• BaC0 3 — 



5- 

ZnCl 2 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S — 




ZnCL + NaOH 


Zu0 2 Na 2 


ZnO.,Na„ 


H 2 S 


Na 2 Mn0 4 -\- 
C0 2 + 


NO + 
H 2 0 


7- 


»»—v 


GROUP IV. 


1. BaCl 2 + (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 — 

2 . BaC0 3 + H(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) — 

3 . Ba(C 2 H 3 0 2 )*4 CaS0 4 - 

4 . Ba(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + K 2 Cr 2 0 7 

5 . BaCr0 4 -f HC1 — 

6 . BaCl 2 + H 2 S0 4 — 


BaCr0 4 


Strontium Sr 11 


SrCI 2 

SrCO, 


(NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 « 
H(C 2 HA) 


3 - 

Sr( C 2 H,0 2 ) 2 4- 

CaS0 4 

4 - 

Sr(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 4 

K 2 Cr 2 0 7 — 

5- 

Sr(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 4 

(NH 4 )C0 3 — 

6 . 

Sr(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 4 

(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 



Calcium 

1. 

CaCl 2 + (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 — 

2. 

CaC0 3 4 H(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) — 

3 - 

Ca(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 

4 CaS0 4 — 

4 - 

Ca(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 4 

K 2 Cr 2 0 7 —- 

5 - 

Ca(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 — 

6 . 

Ca(C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 + 

(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 — 

7 - 

CaS0 4 4 (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 0 4 — 


GROUP V. 


Magnesium Mg 11 

MgCl 2 + NH 4 OH + Na 2 HP0 4 — MgNH 4 P0 4 

MgCl 2 + Ba(OH ) 2 — 

Sodium Na 1 

Flame color of sodium 

Flame color of sodium and potassium 

Potassium K 1 

Flame color of potassium 
KC1 -f HjPtClg —* 

Ammonium NH 4 ' 

NH 4 C1 -f H 2 PtCl 6 — 

NH 4 C1 + NaOH — 


PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT j INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2 . Heated with cone. H 2 S0 4 


3 . Heated on charcoal. 


4 . Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C0 3 


5 . Flame test 


6 . Borax bead in O. F. 


7 . Solution. 












RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


SOLUTION 































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 

v-r xj 


* 


GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 





Special Tests for Acids 


















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 




> 


CONCLUSION 








PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


RESULT | INDICATION 


2 . Heated with cone. H 2 SO* 


3 . Heated on charcoal. 


4 . Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C0 3 


5 . Flame test 


6 . Borax bead in O. F. 


7 . Solution. 









RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE J PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 
































ACID RADICALS 


2 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNOj decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 



• 


GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 



* 


Special Tests for Acids 




















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


_ 




CONCLUSION 








PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 












RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 










































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNOg decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 

• 



Special Tests for Acids 














































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 








PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 










RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 




































,3 


ACID RADICALS 



GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 


Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNO s decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 



* 

• 



GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 


Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 




• 



*Use neutral solution. 

fuse dilute acid solution. 





Special Tests for Acids 




















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 









PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 



RESULT 

i . Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in 0 . F. 


7. Solution. 



INDICATION 










RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


result 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 



























ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*tlse neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 



' 


Special Tests for Acids 


/ 















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


■> 




CONCLUSION 













PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 












RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 




































<3 

ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 


Boiling with dilute 
HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 


GR. V 


Ferric chloride 
gives red color 


GR. II * 


CaCl 2 precipitates 


GR. Ill * 


BaCl 2 precipitates 


GR. IV * 


ZnCl 2 precipitates 


GR. VI f 


Silver nitrate precipitates 


GR. VII 


Not precipitated 


GR. VIII 


Carbonizes on heating 




♦Use neutral solution. 
+Use dilute acid solution. 


Special Tests for Acids 





















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 












PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 














RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFER KNC E PR KOI ITT ATE 


SOLUTION 




































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

' 


GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

Feme chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

*Use neutral solution. 


fUse dilute acid solution. 



GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 



GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

• 



Special Tests for Acids 














































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 




CONCLUSION 









PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 


RESULT 


INDICATION 









RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 
































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNO s decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 


- 



GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 












































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 







PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 











RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 






























ACID RADICALS 



GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 


Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNO s decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 


■ 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 


Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrat-e precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 


♦Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 





Special Tests for Acids 











































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


c 


CONCLUSION 








PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT | INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. HgSO^ 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 












S' 

RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 




INFERENCE 



PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 








































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 

* 




GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 

gives red color 

0 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 





Special Tests for Acids 















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 







PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 




RESULT 

INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 



' 

2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 




3. Heated on charcoal. 




4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 




5. Flame test 




6. Borax bead in O. F. 

> 



7. Solution. 


















RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 




























ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 


Boiling with dilute 
HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 


GR. V * 


Ferric chloride 
gives red color 


GR. II * 


CaCl 2 precipitates 


GR. VI t 


Silver nitrate precipitates 


GR. Ill * 


BaCl 2 precipitates 


GR. IV * 


ZnCl 2 precipitates 


GR. VII 


Not precipitated 


*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 


GR. VIII 


Carbonizes on heating 


Special Tests for Acids 












































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


CONCLUSION 










PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na. 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 











RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNO s decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 

; 




Special Tests for Acids 
















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 













PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 




RESULT 

INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 




2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 




3. Heated on charcoal. 




4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 




5. Flame test 




6 . Borax bead in O. F. 




7. Solution. 














RECORD or ANALYSIS 


* 


No. 


SUHSTANCK 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 


















ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNOj decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 


s 

. 


Special Tests for Acids 















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


o 


( 


CONCLUSION 










PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 8 


5. Flame test 


6 . Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 













'1 

RECORD OF ANALYSIS 































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II* 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNO s decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 



* 


GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

♦Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 





Special Tests for Acids 










































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 







PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 













RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


PRECIPITATE 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


SOLUTION 





























ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV *’ 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 

-r ' 




GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

♦Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 






















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 




¥ 


CONCLUSION 






PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 





RESULT 

INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 




2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 




3. Heated on charcoal. 


• 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 




5. Flame test 




6. Borax bead in 0 . F. 




7. Solution. 















V 

RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 
































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HN0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrat-e precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

; *Use neutral solution. 

fUse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 












































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


CONCLUSION 










PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H^O* 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 


INDICATION 













RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 

































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC1 or HNOg decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl., precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 

. 

/ 




GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 

- 



Special Tests for Acids 












































Vv . 

Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


CONCLUSION 






PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 




6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 










No. 


SUBSTANCE 



'i 

RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 











































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 

■ 

1 




GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

1 . 

*Use neutral solution, 
fuse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 

















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


CONCLUSION 









PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 




RESULT 

INDICATION 


i. Heating in a closed tube. 




2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 




3. Heated on charcoal. 




4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 




5. Flame test 




6. Borax bead in 0 * F. 




7. Solution. 
















RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 


































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 


‘ 

• 

Special Tests for Acids 

4 
























































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 











PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 


RESULT 


INDICATION 


V 

i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 













\. 


RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


No. 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESUET 


INFERENCE PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 



































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 

- 

















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 


) 


CONCLUSION 









PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 





RESULT 

i. Heating in a closed tube. 


2. Heated with cone. H 2 S 0 4 


3. Heated on charcoal. 


4. Heated on charcoal with Na 2 C 0 3 


5. Flame test 


6. Borax bead in O. F. 


7. Solution. 



INDICATION 














RECORD OF ANALYSIS 


SUBSTANCE 


REAGENT 


RESULT 


INFERENCE 


PRECIPITATE 


SOLUTION 






































ACID RADICALS 


GR. I 

GR. II * 

GR. Ill * 

GR. IV * 

Boiling with dilute 

1 HC 1 or HN 0 3 decomposes 

CaCl 2 precipitates 

BaCl 2 precipitates 

ZnCl 2 precipitates 





GR. V * 

GR. VI f 

GR. VII 

GR. VIII 

Ferric chloride 
gives red color 

Silver nitrate precipitates 

Not precipitated 

Carbonizes on heating 

. 

*Use neutral solution. 
fUse dilute acid solution. 




Special Tests for Acids 


















































Special Tests for Acids (Continued) 



CONCLUSION 






















































IU 












k. 




















































































LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



0 003 843 434 2 



















